52 Poems, Week 8: Dover Beach (Matthew Arnold)
02/22/2018
I consider this to be one of the major lyric poems of the 19th century. A lot of people would agree with me. If I had continued my literature studies many years ago, I would have specialized in the Victorians. They understood the crisis that was coming upon our civilization with the fading of Christianity. Arnold looks a little foolish now with his hope that culture (in the old-fashioned sense--knowledgeable, thoughtful, humane) would or could fill the gap. But he saw the problem.
*
DOVER BEACH
The sea is calm tonight.The tide is full, the moon lies fairUpon the straits; on the French coast the lightGleams and is gone; the cliffs of England stand,Glimmering and vast, out in the tranquil bay.Come to the window, sweet is the night-air!Only, from the long line of sprayWhere the sea meets the moon-blanched land,Listen! you hear the grating roarOf pebbles which the waves draw back, and fling,At their return, up the high strand,Begin, and cease, and then again begin,With tremulous cadence slow, and bringThe eternal note of sadness in.Sophocles long agoHeard it on the Ægean, and it broughtInto his mind the turbid ebb and flowOf human misery; weFind also in the sound a thought,Hearing it by this distant northern sea.The Sea of FaithWas once, too, at the full, and round earth’s shoreLay like the folds of a bright girdle furled.But now I only hearIts melancholy, long, withdrawing roar,Retreating, to the breathOf the night-wind, down the vast edges drearAnd naked shingles of the world.Ah, love, let us be trueTo one another! for the world, which seemsTo lie before us like a land of dreams,So various, so beautiful, so new,Hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light,Nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain;And we are here as on a darkling plainSwept with confused alarms of struggle and flight,Where ignorant armies clash by night.
We can hear the waves through his verse: they “begin, and cease, and then again begin” (12) with a pause in the middle showing the waves’ brief pause. So beautiful.
"Eternal note of sadness" - to be pondered.
"The phrase 'ignorant armies' seems especially apt now, with the internet providing the field of battle" -- true enough.
Posted by: Mary | 02/22/2018 at 12:05 PM
Armies are probably always ignorant. Not to demean them, but that they are kept in the dark by those sending them forth.
Posted by: Stu | 02/22/2018 at 12:27 PM
I think Arnold meant to include the generals, too.
Mary, I seem to remember a teacher, or maybe it was a textbook, pointing out the line about the waves.
Posted by: Mac | 02/22/2018 at 02:36 PM
I have been wanting to say something about this poem, but all I can think is that it is so true, and so sad.
AMDG
Posted by: Janet | 02/24/2018 at 07:19 AM
Yes it is.
Posted by: Mac | 02/24/2018 at 12:58 PM
I hadn't read this poem for a very long time and when I read it again a couple of days ago, a few places like "light Gleams and is gone", "waves draw back and fling At their return", "Lay like the folds of a bright girdle furled" made me think of Gerard Manley Hopkins, and then how he worked through pessimism and came out of it the other side of Arnold.
Posted by: Marianne | 02/24/2018 at 02:29 PM
The difference in their responses being pretty striking. If I remember correctly Arnold had at least some respect for the Church but I don't know if he ever gave it serious consideration. He and Newman were rough contemporaries and surely Arnold must have had something to say about him at some point, but if I've ever come across it I don't remember now.
Posted by: Mac | 02/24/2018 at 05:09 PM
I don't know if I have ever read anything by Arnold except this poem. Maybe I should, although it might not be the best thing for me to read at present.
I seem to remember there being some discussion about him before and thinking I should look for his work.
AMDG
Posted by: Janet | 02/24/2018 at 06:07 PM
It's been a *long* time since I read his prose, but based on my vague memories I wouldn't necessarily recommend it unless you're specifically interested in the intellectual history of the times. But I would like to know what if anything he had to say about Newman and his works.
Posted by: Mac | 02/24/2018 at 06:49 PM
He does have some other good poems but as far as I know nothing as great as this.
Posted by: Mac | 02/24/2018 at 06:50 PM
"Even people who heard them continually, and felt them to be different from any other sermons, hardly estimated their real power, or knew at the time the influence which the sermons were having upon them. . . . They made men think of the things which the preacher spoke of, and not of the sermon or the preacher.' Matthew Arnold, a theological liberal who had no sympathy whatever with the Catholic Revival, pays a similar tribute to the influence of Newman's preaching: ' Who,' he writes, ' could resist the charm of that spiritual apparition, gliding in the dim afternoon light along the aisles of St. Mary's, rising into the pulpit, and then in the most entrancing of voices breaking the silence with words and thoughts which were a religious music--subtle, sweet, mournful. Happy the man who in the susceptible season of youth hears such voices. They are a possession to him for ever.'"
http://anglicanhistory.org/bios/jhnewman.html
"he never ceased to admire in him the combination of traits —the mingled gentleness and irony, lucidity and urbanity — which had captivated his boyish imagination, nor to revere in him the inspirer of his youth."
https://newspapers.bc.edu/?a=d&d=BOSTONSH18940421-01.2.14
Here's a whole article about it:
http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/arnold/delaura3.html
Posted by: Robert Gotcher | 02/24/2018 at 08:46 PM
Thank you! That's what I would have expected from Arnold as I remember him from 40 years ago. Including the "impossible solution" part.
Posted by: Mac | 02/24/2018 at 10:11 PM
This is a good poem Because the sea is a real symbol of Faitj and the tide going out is a great symbol for the loss of faith. It is remarkable because I think it may have been the only good or memorable poem the author wrote
Posted by: Very Grumpy | 02/25/2018 at 08:24 AM
His father wrote very directly against Newman, and one of his brothers was a convert who was very close to Newman (worked for a time at the Oratory School, I think, and was recruited by Newman to teach English Literature at the university in Dublin he was involved with).
Posted by: Paul | 02/25/2018 at 11:00 AM
I'm not surprised to hear that about his father. I am a little surprised to hear that about his brother.
Very Grumpy, I think he did write other good poems. But this is probably his only great one.
Posted by: Mac | 02/25/2018 at 04:04 PM
Not entirely as I remembered the details, but not far off: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Arnold_(literary_scholar)
Posted by: Paul | 02/27/2018 at 11:11 AM
Neuhaus draws upon Arnold's image in the _Death on a Friday Afternoon_ section "Dereliction." How much am I myself capable of learning? How much am I able/willing to share with my students as I teach a bit of poetry to them this current season? Questions I am not yet able to answer.
Posted by: Mary | 03/08/2018 at 05:56 AM
Are you still teaching?
AMDG
Posted by: Janet | 03/08/2018 at 06:36 AM
Yes. I am an adjunct English instructor for McMurry University, a U. Methodist school in a nearby city. About to leave now to drive there. Coming back to the blog just now to post the title of a hymn that fits "Dover Beach" - "Jesus calls us o'er the tumult of our life's wild restless sea." Gotta go follow. Thinking of my AMDG friend with gratitude.
Posted by: Mary | 03/08/2018 at 06:51 AM
I remember that one. Good luck with your teaching.
Posted by: Mac | 03/08/2018 at 08:34 AM
Thing is, Maclin, Mary retired a long time before you did. Retiring seems to be a difficult thing to do.
AMDG
Posted by: Janet | 03/08/2018 at 03:07 PM
I'm getting better at it.
Posted by: Mac | 03/08/2018 at 04:43 PM
I'm applying for two jobs tomorrow. ;-)
AMDG
Posted by: Janet | 03/08/2018 at 04:54 PM
Oh, that's too bad.
Posted by: Mac | 03/08/2018 at 05:16 PM
Well, that was always in the plan.
AMDG
Posted by: Janet | 03/08/2018 at 05:25 PM
Wow, Janet! God be with you --
Posted by: Mary | 03/08/2018 at 07:05 PM